Endocrine Abstracts

Clear renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly vascularized and proliferative tumor. ccRCC can be sporadic or familiar, usually associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations. VHL protein is part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). When a defective and inactive VHL protein is produced, HIF is not degraded, resulting in over-expression of hypoxia related genes including erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth fa...

Paragangliomas (PGLs) and pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that derived from pluripotent neural crest stem cells. PCCs are derived from the adrenal medulla, while PGLs are histologically identical tumors derived from ganglia outside the adrenal gland. Even though the majority of tumors are benign, they are associated with high morbidity rates caused by excessive catecholamine secretion. We retrospectively analyzed 71 patients (36 female and 35 males) wit...